Find the terms you need

A curated list of key terms and concepts in institutional investing, fund management, and trading — designed to support clarity, transparency, and informed decision-making. Answered with discretion and transparency.

Search

Search

Confluence Group Brand Asset
Confluence Group Brand Asset

Fund Structures & Capital Allocation

Segregated Accounts

Segregated accounts hold client assets separately from the operating capital of the fund or firm, enhancing transparency, control, and investor protection.

Read More

AUM (Assets Under Management)

AUM represents the total market value of the assets that a fund or firm manages on behalf of its clients, serving as a key indicator of size, scale, and credibility.

Read More

Liquidity

Liquidity refers to how quickly and efficiently an asset or fund can be converted into cash without significantly affecting its price — a critical factor for allocators and managers alike.

Read More

Commitment Period

The commitment period is the designated timeframe during which investors must allocate their pledged capital to a fund, allowing managers to plan deployment across strategies.

Read More

Subscription & Redemption

These are the processes by which investors enter (subscribe) or exit (redeem) from a fund, subject to predefined terms such as notice periods, gates, and liquidity cycles.

Read More

GP / LP Structure

The GP/LP structure is a legal model where the General Partner (GP) manages the fund and bears operational responsibility, while Limited Partners (LPs) provide capital and share in the profits with limited liability.

Read More

Mandate

A mandate defines the investment strategy, guidelines, risk tolerance, and constraints that a manager must follow when managing capital on behalf of an investor or allocator.

Read More

Fund of Funds (FoF)

A Fund of Funds (FoF) is an investment vehicle that pools capital to invest in a portfolio of other funds, offering diversification across managers and strategies while adding a layer of oversight and risk management.

Read More

Allocator

An allocator is a professional or institution responsible for distributing capital across multiple investment strategies, managers, or asset classes, typically to optimize returns and manage risk.

Read More

Investment Strategies & Styles

Market Sentiments

Market sentiments refer to the overall attitude or mood of investors toward a particular asset or market.

Read More

Trading Strategy

A trading strategy is a set of rules or techniques used by traders to identify opportunities and make investment decisions.

Read More

Leverage

Leverage is the use of borrowed capital to increase the potential return on an investment.

Read More

Portfolio

A portfolio is a collection of financial assets, such as stocks, bonds, and alternative investments, held by an investor or fund.

Read More

Risk Management

Risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks in investments to protect capital.

Read More

Strategy Provider

A strategy provider is a firm or individual that creates and offers investment strategies for use by funds, investors, or traders.

Read More

Portfolio Management

Portfolio management is the process of selecting and managing investments to achieve specific financial goals.

Read More

Private Equity

Private equity refers to investments made in private companies, typically through buyouts, venture capital, or direct investment.

Read More

Diversification

Diversification is an investment strategy that spreads investments across different asset classes to reduce risk.

Read More

Alternative Funds

Alternative funds invest in asset classes outside of traditional stocks and bonds, such as real estate, commodities, and private equity.

Read More

Family Office

A family office is a private wealth management advisory firm that manages the investments, assets, and financial affairs of a wealthy family.

Read More

Hedge Funds

Hedge funds are pooled investment funds that employ various strategies to generate returns for their investors, often using leverage, derivatives, and short-selling.

Read More

Confluence (trading)

In trading, confluence refers to the alignment of multiple indicators or signals pointing to the same outcome, increasing the confidence in a trade setup or strategy.

Read More

Hedge

A hedge is a risk management technique used to offset potential losses in one position by taking an opposing position in a related asset or derivative.

Read More

Beta

Beta measures an investment’s sensitivity to overall market movements, reflecting the portion of returns driven by broader market exposure rather than active management.

Read More

Alpha

Alpha represents the excess return of an investment relative to a benchmark, often attributed to a manager’s skill in identifying profitable opportunities.

Read More

Discretionary Trading

Discretionary trading involves human decision-making based on fundamental analysis, intuition, and market experience, often adjusting dynamically to news and changing conditions.

Read More

Systematic Trading

Systematic trading is a rules-based investment approach where decisions are driven by quantitative models rather than human discretion, enabling consistency and scalability in execution.

Read More

Market Neutral

Market Neutral strategies seek to generate alpha by neutralizing exposure to market movements, typically using offsetting long and short positions within the same asset class or sector.

Read More

Quantitative Strategy

Quantitative strategies use mathematical models, algorithms, and statistical techniques to identify trading opportunities, often operating at high frequency and across multiple asset classes.

Read More

Global Macro

Global Macro is a top-down investment strategy that makes trades based on macroeconomic trends such as interest rates, geopolitical shifts, and economic cycles across global markets.

Read More

Performance & Risk Metrics

Volatility

Volatility refers to the degree of variation in the price of an asset over time.

Read More

Stress Testing

Stress Testing simulates extreme market scenarios to assess how a portfolio might perform under adverse conditions, such as financial crises or volatility spikes.

Read More

Value at Risk (VaR)

Value at Risk (VaR) estimates the maximum expected loss over a defined period at a given confidence level, helping managers quantify potential downside exposure.

Read More

EP (Equity Protect)

Equity Protect (EP) refers to capital preservation mechanisms that safeguard investor equity by embedding hard stops, hedges, or drawdown caps in portfolio strategy design.

Read More

Hard Stop

A Hard Stop is a strict rule that halts trading or strategy execution when performance breaches a predefined loss or risk limit, used to protect capital.

Read More

Soft Stop

A Soft Stop is a predefined threshold where trading activity may be paused or reviewed due to underperformance, but not automatically halted, offering flexibility in risk control.

Read More

Slippage

Slippage is the difference between the expected price of a trade and the price at which it’s actually executed, often caused by volatility or poor execution infrastructure.

Read More

Sharpe Ratio

The Sharpe Ratio evaluates risk-adjusted return by comparing excess returns over a risk-free rate to the portfolio’s volatility, helping investors assess reward versus risk.

Read More

Drawdown

Drawdown measures the decline from a fund’s peak to its subsequent trough, offering insight into downside risk and volatility during challenging market periods.

Read More

High-Water Mark

The High-Water Mark is the peak value a fund must exceed before it can charge performance fees again, protecting investors from paying fees on previously lost capital.

Read More

Trading & Execution Infrastructure

Liquidity Providers

Liquidity providers are institutions or entities that offer buy and sell orders in the market, ensuring liquidity for traders and investors.

Read More

Limit Stop

A limit stop is a type of stop loss order that triggers when a security reaches a specified price limit.

Read More

API (Application Programming Interface)

An API (Application Programming Interface) allows different software systems to communicate with each other, facilitating seamless integration and data sharing in trading and investment platforms.

Read More

FIX Protocol

The FIX Protocol (Financial Information eXchange) is an industry-standard messaging protocol used for electronic trading to facilitate real-time communication between market participants.

Read More

Prime Brokerage

Prime Brokerage is a suite of services provided to hedge funds and other institutional investors, including trade execution, financing, clearing, and custodial services.

Read More

Execution Venue

An Execution Venue is the platform or marketplace where trades are executed. It includes stock exchanges, over-the-counter markets, dark pools, and electronic communication networks (ECNs).

Read More

Limit Order

A Limit Order allows a trader to specify the price at which they want to buy or sell an asset. It ensures control over the execution price but may not guarantee the trade will be filled if the price is not met.

Read More

Market Order

A Market Order is an instruction to buy or sell a security immediately at the best available current market price. It ensures swift execution but may result in price slippage during volatile conditions.

Read More

Search Glossary...

Let’s explore what’s possible, together.

Whether you’re allocating capital or managing it — we’re here to help you move forward with clarity and confidence.

Let’s explore what’s possible, together.

Whether you’re allocating capital or managing it — we’re here to help you move forward with clarity and confidence.

Let’s explore what’s possible, together.

Whether you’re allocating capital or managing it — we’re here to help you move forward with clarity and confidence.

Confluence Group Logo

Curated access to exceptional investment strategies, built on trust and long-term alignment.

Stay up to date through our newsletter

© 2022–2025

Confluence Group

Investing in alternative strategies involves risk. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The value of investments can go down as well as up, and you may not get back the amount originally invested. These opportunities are intended for sophisticated or qualified investors who understand the risks involved. Please seek independent financial advice before making any investment decisions.

Confluence Group Brand Assets
Confluence Group Logo

Curated access to exceptional investment strategies, built on trust and long-term alignment.

© 2022–2025

Confluence Group

Investing in alternative strategies involves risk. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The value of investments can go down as well as up, and you may not get back the amount originally invested. These opportunities are intended for sophisticated or qualified investors who understand the risks involved. Please seek independent financial advice before making any investment decisions.

Confluence Group Brand Assets
Confluence Group Logo
Confluence Group Logo

Schedule a introductory call